Pace and Flow: The student is able to produce short phrases and sentences, although pauses and hesitations are likely while searching for vocabulary and forming sentences.

Logical Sequencing: The student can connect simple phrases using basic conjunctions like "and" and "then". The structure of their discourse may often rely on simple and direct sentences.

Coherence: The student can link phrases together to describe immediate environments, daily routines, and other familiar topics, though the connections may be very basic.

Repetition and Self-Correction: Repetition and self-correction are common as the student navigates vocabulary and grammar use, but they're able to generally make their meaning understood.

Responses: The student can respond to simple questions about personal details and very familiar topics, though they may need some repetition or rephrasing.

Initiating and Maintaining Conversation: The student may struggle with initiating and maintaining conversation. They are likely more comfortable in structured conversational environments where they can respond to direct questions or comments.

Pace and Flow: The student can maintain a reasonably steady pace while speaking, with minimal unnatural pauses or hesitations due to language uncertainty.

Logical Sequencing: The student can express a series of simple ideas or steps in a process in a logical sequence, though there may still be reliance on common conjunctions like "and", "but", and "then".

Coherence: The student can link phrases together to describe experiences, discuss familiar topics, or express basic needs, even if the connections are basic and the grammar is not always accurate.

Repetition and Self-Correction: Repetition, self-correction, or reformulation are present but do not significantly hinder the flow of conversation.

Responses: The student can respond to simple, direct questions or requests for information in a reasonably fluent manner.

Initiating and Maintaining Conversation: While the student might have difficulty initiating conversation, they can maintain a simple conversation on familiar topics with some support from their conversational partner.

Pace and Flow: The student speaks at a relatively steady pace, with only occasional unnatural pauses or hesitations.

Logical Sequencing: The student can connect a series of ideas or steps in a process in a logical sequence using a range of linking words.

Coherence: The student can link ideas and sentences together smoothly, and is able to use a variety of connectors and cohesive devices.

Repetition and Self-Correction: The student is able to correct themselves when errors occur and can reformulate sentences with minimal disruption to the flow of conversation.

Responses: The student can respond effectively to direct questions or requests for information, and can expand on their responses to keep a conversation going.

Initiating and Maintaining Conversation: The student can initiate and maintain conversation on a range of familiar topics, and can generally keep the conversation going without assistance.

Speech Flexibility: The student can adapt their speech for different purposes, such as stating their opinion, giving advice, or making a suggestion, and can generally maintain fluency when doing so.

Pace and Flow: The student can speak at a consistent and natural pace, pausing only for thought or complex structures.

Logical Sequencing: The student can present their thoughts logically, using a variety of linking words and cohesive devices beyond basic conjunctions to connect their ideas effectively.

Coherence: The student can maintain coherence over longer stretches of speech, clearly articulating and developing points, and showing a good use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.

Self-Correction: The student can self-correct any slips or minor errors that may occur during the conversation without disrupting the flow.

Responses: The student can respond to both direct and implied questions in a fluent, spontaneous manner, demonstrating a good understanding of conversational norms.

Initiating and Maintaining Conversation: The student can initiate, maintain, and close a conversation on a broad range of topics, demonstrating an ability to hypothesise, discuss, and debate with relative ease.

Pace and Flow: The student speaks at a natural pace and is able to maintain flow without noticeable effort. Pauses are usually content-related, not to search for language.

Logical Sequencing: The student's speech shows an effective and varied use of cohesive devices to link their ideas together in a complex, logical structure.

Coherence: The student can construct clear, detailed, and well-structured speeches or narratives with several points of view, maintaining coherence throughout.

Repetition and Self-Correction: The student makes very little unnecessary repetition and self-corrects almost all errors, typically making their point clear in the end.

Responses: The student is able to fluently and spontaneously respond to complex lines of argument or complicated questions, maintaining a high degree of grammatical accuracy.

Initiating and Maintaining Conversation: The student can initiate, maintain, and end discourse naturally with effective turn-taking, even in abstract and complex formal discussions.

Pace and Flow: The student can speak at a natural pace, matching the speed and rhythm of a native speaker, with only natural pauses and hesitations.

Logical Sequencing: The student can express complex ideas and arguments in a logical sequence using a variety of conjunctions, cohesive devices, and discourse markers. Their speech is organised and coherent.

Coherence: The student can use sophisticated language to create nuanced relationships between ideas. Their speech remains coherent, even when discussing abstract or complex topics.

Repetition and Self-Correction: The student makes very minimal errors. They can self-correct any minor slips or errors without it disrupting the flow of conversation.

Responses: The student can respond to a range of questions, even complex or unexpected ones, fluently and without undue strain. They can elaborate and speculate about issues in a proficient manner.

Initiating and Maintaining Conversation: The student can initiate, maintain, and end conversation effectively, even in less familiar or more formal contexts. They can use the language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes.

Handling Complexity: The student can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently, and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in the most complex situations.